Applications of Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is widely used in industry, science, and technology for converting electrical and chemical energy. Explore 8 powerful applications that shape our modern world.

1. Electroplating

Definition: Depositing a thin metal layer onto another material using electric current.

How it works: The object to be plated is the cathode, and the plating metal is the anode. Electrolyte contains metal ions. Current causes ions to deposit on the cathode.

• Improves appearance (e.g., gold, silver plating)
• Prevents corrosion (e.g., chromium plating)
• Enhances surface properties

2. Electrorefining

Definition: Purifying metals using electrolysis.

Process: Impure metal is the anode; pure metal is the cathode. Electrolyte contains metal ions. Pure metal deposits on the cathode.

• Used for copper, zinc, silver, and gold

3. Electrolysis

Definition: Decomposition of substances by electric current.

Examples:

• Water electrolysis → Hydrogen + Oxygen
• Molten NaCl → Sodium + Chlorine

Applications: Metal extraction, chemical manufacturing.

4. Electrochemical Cells (Batteries)

Definition: Convert chemical energy to electrical energy.

• Primary cells: Non-rechargeable (e.g., alkaline batteries)
• Secondary cells: Rechargeable (e.g., Li-ion, lead-acid)

Uses: Electronics, vehicles, power storage.

5. Fuel Cells

Definition: Convert fuel’s chemical energy into electricity continuously.

Example: Hydrogen fuel cell → H₂ + O₂ → H₂O + electricity

Advantages: High efficiency, eco-friendly.

Applications: Electric vehicles, space crafts, backup power.

6. Corrosion Protection

Methods:

• Cathodic protection: Connects metal to a more reactive one to prevent oxidation.
• Sacrificial anode: Magnesium or zinc corrodes in place of protected metal.

Uses: Ships, pipelines, water heaters.

7. Sensors & Electrochemical Analysis

Electrochemical sensors detect specific substances using selective electrodes.

• pH meters
• Glucose sensors
• Ion-selective electrodes

Applications: Healthcare, labs, food safety, environmental monitoring.

8. Electrosynthesis

Definition: Synthesis of compounds using electricity.

Advantages: Green, clean, and selective method.

Uses: Industrial production of fluorine, organic intermediates.

Electrochemistry powers the future — from clean energy to smart devices.🔁 Explore More Physical Chemistry Topics