Biomolecules Simplified – CHEMASH Biology

Biomolecules Simplified are chemical compounds found in living organisms. They form the structural and functional basis of life. This chapter is extremely important for Class 11 Biology, NEET 2026, Boards and Competitive Exams.

Introduction
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Comparison Table
MCQs
FAQs

Introduction to Biomolecules

Biomolecules are organic molecules made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. They are divided into four major categories:

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

1. Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in living organisms. General formula: (CH₂O)n

Monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose
Disaccharides: Sucrose, Lactose
Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Function: Energy supply & structural support.

2. Proteins

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are the building blocks of life.

Structural proteins (Collagen)
Enzymes (Biological catalysts)
Hormones (Insulin)

Function: Growth, repair, enzymes, transport.

3. Lipids

Lipids are hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils and phospholipids. They are not true polymers.

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

Function: Energy storage & membrane structure.

4. Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) store and transmit genetic information. Made of nucleotides.

DNA – Genetic blueprint
RNA – Protein synthesis

Comparison Table

Biomolecule	Monomer	Main Function
Carbohydrates	Monosaccharide	Energy
Proteins	Amino Acid	Enzymes & Structure
Lipids	Fatty Acids	Energy Storage
Nucleic Acids	Nucleotide	Genetic Information

Cell: The Unit of Life | Cell Organelles & Functions

MCQs with Explanation

1. The monomer of proteins is:
Answer: Amino acids
Explanation: Proteins are polymers formed by peptide bonds between amino acids.

2. DNA is made of:
Answer: Nucleotides
Explanation: Each nucleotide contains sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base.

3. Main energy source in cells:
Answer: Carbohydrates
Explanation: Glucose is the primary fuel.

FAQs

Q1. Why are lipids not true polymers?
A: They are not made of repeating monomer units like proteins.

Q2. Which biomolecule forms enzymes?
A: Proteins.

For official syllabus reference visit NCERT Biology Textbook.

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Tags: Biomolecules, Class 11 Biology, NEET 2026 Notes, CHEMASH Tuition, Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids DNA RNA

Biomolecules Simplified