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Group 17: Halogens

Group 17: Halogens The halogens belong to Group 17 of the periodic table. They include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine […]

General Characteristics of Quantum Numbers Quantum numbers are fundamental to understanding the behavior of electrons within atoms. They provide a

Quantum Numbers Quantum numbers are values that describe electrons in atoms. They provide details about an electron’s location, energy, orientation,

Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom The Quantum Mechanical Model is the most advanced and accurate model of the atom.

Isotopes and Isobars In atomic theory, the concepts of isotopes and isobars are essential to understanding variations in atomic structures

Dual Nature of Matter Author: CHEMASH • Last reviewed: Sep 14, 2025 Dual Nature of Matter Introduction The Dual Nature

Discovery of Electron, Proton, and Neutron 1. Discovery of Electron (J.J. Thomson, 1897) The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson

Atomic Number and Mass Number Atoms are identified by two key numbers: the atomic number and the mass number. These

Atomic Models Understanding the structure of an atom has been a key pursuit in chemistry and physics. Over time, scientists

pH and Its Measurement The term pH stands for “potential of Hydrogen” and is a scale used to specify the