Analytical chemistry explained with methods, classification, applications.
Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the identification, separation, and quantitative determination of chemical components present in a sample. It plays a vital role in science, medicine, industry, and environmental studies.
Table of Contents
Definition
Analytical involves techniques and methods used to determine the composition, structure, and amount of substances.
It answers two fundamental questions: What is present? (Qualitative analysis) and How much is present? (Quantitative analysis)
Branches of Analytical
| Branch | Description |
|---|---|
| Qualitative Analysis | Identifies the constituents present in a sample |
| Quantitative Analysis | Determines the amount or concentration of substances |
| Instrumental Analysis | Uses instruments like spectrophotometers and chromatographs |
Common Analytical Methods
- Titrimetric analysis
- Gravimetric analysis
- Spectroscopy (UV, IR, NMR)
- Chromatography (TLC, GC, HPLC)
- Electrochemical methods
Learn more about Physical Chemistry and Biochemistry applications of analytical methods.
Applications
- Quality control in pharmaceutical industries
- Environmental pollution analysis
- Food and beverage testing
- Clinical diagnosis and medical testing
- Forensic science investigations
Importance
- Ensures safety and purity of products
- Helps detect pollutants and toxins
- Supports research and development
- Essential for industrial and laboratory analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What is analytical ?
It is the branch of chemistry that studies methods for identifying and measuring chemical substances.
Q2. What are the two main types of analysis?
Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
Q3. Why is analytical important?
It ensures accuracy, safety, quality control, and environmental protection.
MCQs – NEET / CBSE Practice
Q1. Which analysis determines the amount of a substance?
a) Qualitative
b) Quantitative
c) Physical
d) Organic
Answer: b) Quantitative
Q2. Which technique is used to separate components of a mixture?
a) Spectroscopy
b) Chromatography
c) Titration
d) Gravimetry
Answer: b) Chromatography
True/False:
Gravimetric analysis is based on mass measurement – True
- IUPAC Gold Book – Analytical Chemistry Definition
- NCBI – Analytical Chemistry Applications in Science
