Introduction to Biomolecules

Biomolecules are organic chemical compounds that form the foundation of life. They are responsible for the structure, function, growth, and regulation of all living organisms.

Table of Contents

• What are Biomolecules?
• Biological Significance
• Classification of Biomolecules
• Elements Present
• Monomers and Polymers
• FAQs
• Quiz

---

What are Biomolecules?

Biomolecules are naturally occurring molecules found in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Biological Importance of Biomolecules

• Storage and transmission of genetic information (DNA & RNA)
• Energy production and storage (carbohydrates and fats)
• Regulation of metabolism (enzymes and hormones)
• Structural support (proteins like collagen and keratin)
• Formation of cell membranes (lipids)

Classification

Carbohydrates

Biomolecule	Monomer	Function
Carbohydrates	Monosaccharides	Immediate energy source
Proteins	Amino acids	Enzymes, structure, transport
Lipids	Fatty acids + Glycerol	Energy storage, membranes
Nucleic Acids	Nucleotides	Genetic information

Sugars and starches that act as primary energy sources.

Proteins

Polymers of amino acids involved in structural, enzymatic, and regulatory functions.

Lipids

Fats and oils used for long-term energy storage and membrane formation.

Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA responsible for genetic information storage and transmission.

Elements Present in Biomolecule

• Carbon (C)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)
• Nitrogen (N)
• Phosphorus (P)
• Sulfur (S)

Monomers and Polymers

• Monosaccharides → Polysaccharides
• Amino acids → Proteins
• Nucleotides → Nucleic acids
• Fatty acids + Glycerol → Lipids

---

Quiz – Test Your Knowledge

MCQ: Which biomolecule stores genetic information?
Answer: Nucleic Acids

True/False: Proteins are made of nucleotides – False

Fill in the blank:
The monomer of proteins is amino acids.

---

MCQs

Q1. Which biomolecule stores genetic information?
a) Protein
b) Lipid
c) Nucleic acid
d) Carbohydrate
Answer: c) Nucleic acid

Q2. The monomer of protein is:
a) Nucleotide
b) Amino acid
c) Fatty acid
d) Glucose
Answer: b) Amino acid

Q3. Which element is absent in carbohydrates?
a) Carbon
b) Hydrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
Answer: d) Nitrogen

True/False:
Proteins are polymers of nucleotides – False
Lipids are true polymers – False

Fill in the Blank:
DNA is made up of _
Answer: Nucleotides

---

• Khan Academy – Biological Macromolecules
• Encyclopedia Britannica – Biomolecules

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What are biomolecule?
Biomolecule are organic compounds essential for life.

Q2. Which elements are present in biomolecule?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Q3. Why are biomolecule important?
They provide energy, regulate metabolism, and store genetic information.

---